Study on the stability and H+ permeable membrane properties of polymersomes / 药学实践杂志

Objective To prepare polymersomes (PSs) by block copolymers，evaluate their membrane structural stability，investigate the H+ transmembrane permeability of PSs and the impact of 1,4-dioxane and establish a foundation for drug encapsulation within polymersomes. Methods PSs were self-assembled by a block copolymer, PEG-PLGA, in a solvent solution. The pH-sensitive fluorescence probe HPTS was employed to examine the H+ transmembrane properties of PSs and compare them with PSs prepared using PBD-b-PEO, PS-b-PEO, and liposomes. The effect of varying concentrations of 1,4-dioxane on PSs’ membrane permeability properties was also investigated. Results The fluorescence excitation spectra of HPTS exhibited pH dependency, which showed a linear correlation between extravesicular H+ concentration and t1/2. Significant differences were observed in the membrane permeability capabilities of PSs with different membrane wall thicknesses. Compared to liposomes, the H+ transmembrane coefficients for the three types of PSs were reduced by 2.39×104, 3.38×104, and 5.48×108 times, respectively. 1,4-dioxane was found to modulate the permeability of PSs’ membranes, which displayed a concentration-dependent relationship. Conclusion PSs exhibited significantly lower membrane permeability compared to liposomes, indicating superior stability. 1,4-dioxane was identified as a modulator of PSs’ permeability, which offered potential for drug loading and release within PSs.

Effects of the application of sodium ascorbate after in-office bleaching on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide, color change, and microtensile bond strength

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) after in-office bleaching on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber, color change, and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to the resin-enamel interface. Thirty premolars and thirty molars were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each). One group was exposed to deionized water (negative control). The other two groups were bleached with 35% HP in a single session for 3x15 minutes for each application. However, in only one of them, SA was applied for 10 minutes after bleaching. After, the concentration (µg/mL) of HP in each pulp chamber was evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Color changes (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) were evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer before and in the first week after bleaching. After treatment, molars were restored and sectioned to obtain resin-enamel interface sticks for µTBS at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The HP concentration and µTBS data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and color changes were analyzed by t-tests (α = 0.05). SA application significantly improved the µTBS values and reduced the HP concentrations within the pulp chambers (p < 0.0001). The application of SA significantly interfered with the color changes after bleaching when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Application of 10% SA after in-office bleaching successfully reduced the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber; however, it decreased color change.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do ascorbato de sódio a 10% (AS) depois do clareamento em consultório na penetração do peróxido do hidrogênio (PH) na câmara pulpar, mudança de cor e resistência de união (RU) da interface resina-esmalte. Trinta pré-molares e trinta molares foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 20). Um grupo foi exposto em água deionizada (controle negativo). Os outros dois grupos foram clareados com 35% PH numa única sessão de 3x15 minutos para cada aplicação. Porém, só um grupo recebeu AS durante 10 minutos depois do clareamento. Depois, a concentração (µg/mL) do PH no interior de cada câmara pulpar foi avaliado com espectrofotometria UV-Vis. A mudança de cor (ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) foi avaliada como espectrofotômetro digital antes e depois de uma semana do clareamento. Após de cada tratamento, os molares foram restaurados e seccionados em espécimes com interface resina-esmalte para o teste de RU por microtração a uma velocidade de 1 mm/min até a fratura. Os dados da concentração de PH e RU foram analisados usando ANOVA de uma via e teste de Tukey, e a mudança de cor com o teste t (α = 0.05). A aplicação de AS melhorou significativamente a RU e reduziu a concentração de PH na câmara pulpar (p < 0.0001). A aplicação de AS interferiu significativamente na mudança de cor depois do clareamento comprado com o grupo controle (p < 0.05). A aplicação de SA a 10% depois do clareamento em consultório reduziu significativamente a penetração do PH na câmara pulpar e interferiu na mudança de cor.

Análisis bidimensional de la permeabilidad de vías aéreas con el tamaño de senos maxilares y su relación con el desarrollo de la clase esqueletal en una población mexicana / Two-dimensional analysis of airway permeability with maxillary sinus size and its relationship with the development of skeletal class in a Mexican population

Comparar la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas y el tamaño de los senos maxilares en relación con la clase esqueletal. se midieron 90 radiografías lateral de cráneo, divididas en 3 grupos, comparando las 3 clases esqueletales, las cuales se determinaron con la medida ANB de Steiner, y estas a su vez en dos subgrupos que fueron hombres y mujeres, en las cuales se utilizó el análisis de McNamara para el análisis de vías aéreas y para el área del seno maxilar se tomaron dos medidas una antero-posterior y cefálica-caudal. Al comparar los hombres con las mujeres se identificó significancia estadística en vía área superior de clase II (p=≤0.017), vía aérea inferior de clase III (p=≤0.006). Al comparar las clases esqueletales en hombres se identificó diferencias en la vía aérea superior en las clases I vs III (p=≤0.05), inferior en la clase I vs III (p=≤0,001) y II vs III (p=≤0.044). Con respecto a mujeres se identificó significancia en la vía aérea superior al comparar la clase I vs II (p=≤0,043), vía aérea inferior en la clase II vs III (p=≤0.05), longitud del seno maxilar al comparar clase I vs II (p=≤0.017). Entre la clase I esqueletal y la clase II, el tamaño de los senos maxilares resulto menor en longitud en las mujeres de clase II esqueletal. Entre la clase I y clase III esqueletal en hombres, se encontró una longitud menor en la vía aérea superior e inferior en la clase I. Las vías aéreas resultaron en menor tamaño en sujetos de clase II.

SUMMARY: To compare the airway permeability and the size of the maxillary sinuses in relation to the skeletal class. 90 lateral skull radiographs were divided into 3 groups, comparing the 3 skeletal classes, which were determined with Steiner's ANB measurement, and these were once in two subgroups that were men and women, in any McNamara analysis was used for the analysis of airways and for the maxillary sinus area measurements were made an antero-posterior and cephalic-caudal. When comparing males with females, statistical significance was identified in the upper class II route (p=≤0,017), lower class III airway (p=≤0.006). At least skeletal classes in men, differences were identified in the upper airway in classes I vs III (p=≤0.05), lower in class I vs III (p=≤0.001) and II vs III (p=≤0.044). With respect to women, significance was identified in the upper airway when comparing class I vs II (p=≤0.043), lower airway in class II vs. III (p=≤0.05), maxillary sinus length to class I vs II (p=≤0.017). Between skeletal class I and class II, maxillary sinus size was shorter in length in skeletal class II women. Between class I and skeletal class III in men, a lower length was found in the upper and lower airways in class I. The airways were found to be smaller in class II subjects.

Changes of intestinal wall barrier function and its correlation with susceptibility to infection in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the changes of intestinal wall barrier function and its correlation with infection occurrence in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Methods: 263 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were split into: the clinically evident portal hypertension (CEPH) combined with infection group (n = 74); CEPH group (n = 104); and Non-CEPH group (n = 85). Among them, 20 CEPH patients and 12 non-CEPH patients in non-infection status were subjected to sigmoidoscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of trigger receptor-1 (TREM-1), CD68, CD14, the inducible nitric oxide synthase molecule, and Escherichia coli (E.coli) in the medullary cells of the colon mucosa. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1 (sTREM-1), soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen-14 subtype (sCD14-ST) and intestinal wall permeability index enteric fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Fisher's exact probability method, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis-H test, Bonferroni method, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The serum sTREM-1 and I-FABP levels were higher in CEPH patients than those of non-CEPH patients in the non-infectious state (P < 0.05), but the difference in blood sCD14-ST levels was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Serum levels of sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, and I-FABP in infected patients were higher than those in patients without a concurrent infection (P < 0.05). Serum sCD14-ST levels were positively correlated with serum sTREM-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), and sTREM-1 levels were also positively correlated with CRP and PCT (r > 0.5, P < 0.001). The rates of CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, CD14-positive cells, and E.coli-positive glands were higher in the intestinal mucosa of the CEPH group than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the rate of E.coli-positive glands in CEPH patients was positively correlated with the expression of molecular markers CD68 and CD14 in the lamina propria macrophages. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension have increased intestinal permeability and inflammatory cells, accompanied by bacterial translocation. Serum sCD14-ST and sTREM-1 can be used as indicators to predict and evaluate the occurrence of infection in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Study on deep brain magnetic stimulation method based on magnetic replicator / 生物医学工程学杂志

Existing neuroregulatory techniques can achieve precise stimulation of the whole brain or cortex, but high-focus deep brain stimulation has been a technical bottleneck in this field. In this paper, based on the theory of negative permeability emerged in recent years, a simulation model of magnetic replicator is established to study the distribution of the induced electric field in the deep brain and explore the possibility of deep focusing, which is compared with the traditional magnetic stimulation method. Simulation results show that a single magnetic replicator realized remote magnetic source. Under the condition of the same position and compared with the traditional method of stimulating, the former generated smaller induced electric field which sharply reduced with distance. By superposition of the magnetic field replicator, the induced electric field intensity could be increased and the focus could be improved, reducing the number of peripheral wires while guaranteeing good focus. The magnetic replicator model established in this paper provides a new idea for precise deep brain stimulation, which can be combined with neuroregulatory techniques in the future to lay a foundation for clinical application.

Application and problems analysis of traditional Chinese medicine volatile oil preparation technology based on ionic liquids / 中国中药杂志

Ionic liquids(ILs) are salts composed entirely of anions and cations in a liquid state at or near room temperature, which have a variety of good physicochemical properties such as low volatility and high stability. This paper mainly reviewed the research overview of ILs in the application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) volatile oil preparation technology. Firstly, it briefly introduced the application of TCM volatile oil preparation technology and composition classification and physicochemical properties of ILs, and then summarized the application of ILs in the extraction, separation, analysis, and preparation of TCM volatile oil. Finally, the problems and challenges of ILs in the application of TCM volatile oil were explained, and the application of ILs in TCM volatile oil in the future was prospected.

Zonulina e Presepsina Poderiam ser Biomarcadores e Alvos Terapêuticos para Miocardite Aguda? / Could Zonulin and Presepsin Be Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Acute Myocarditis?

Resumo Fundamento O diagnóstico de miocardite aguda geralmente é feito diante de parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais, podendo, por vezes, ser confundido com doenças que compartilham de características clínicas semelhantes, o que dificulta o diagnóstico. Sendo assim, o uso de biomarcadores mais específicos, para além dos clássicos como a troponina, acelerará o diagnóstico. Além disso, esses biomarcadores podem nos ajudar a compreender melhor o mecanismo de desenvolvimento da miocardite e, assim, prever resultados clínicos imprevisíveis. Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo revelar a possível relação entre permeabilidade intestinal e miocardite aguda. Métodos Neste estudo, buscamos avaliar os níveis séricos de zonulina e presepsina em 138 indivíduos consecutivos, incluindo 68 pacientes com miocardite e outros 70 usados como grupo controle, pareados por idade, sexo e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo controle, zonulina e presepsina foram significativamente maiores no grupo de pacientes com miocardite (p < 0,001, para todos). Os níveis de zonulina foram positivamente correlacionados com presepsina, pico de CK-MB e níveis máximos de troponina (r = 0,461, p < 0,001; r = 0,744, p < 0,001; r = 0,627, p < 0,001; respectivamente). Na análise de regressão, presepsina e zonulina foram determinadas como preditores independentes para miocardite (OR de 1,002, IC de 95% 1,001-1,003, p = 0,025; OR de 12,331, IC de 95% 4,261-35,689; p < 0,001; respectivamente). O valor preditivo de miocardite aguda de presepsina e zonulina na análise da curva ROC foi estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,001, para ambos). Conclusão Este estudo mostrou que a zonulina e a presepsina podem ser biomarcadores para o diagnóstico de miocardite e também podem ser alvos terapêuticos para esclarecer o mecanismo de desenvolvimento da miocardite.

Abstract Background The diagnosis of acute myocarditis is usually made with clinical and laboratory parameters. This can sometimes be mixed up with diseases that have similar clinical features, making the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, the use of more specific biomarkers, in addition to the classically used biomarkers such as troponin, will accelerate the diagnosis. In addition, these biomarkers may help us to understand the mechanism of myocarditis development and thus predict unpredictable clinical outcomes. Objective This study aims to reveal the possible relationship between intestinal permeability and acute myocarditis. Methods In this study, we wanted to evaluate serum levels of zonulin and presepsin in 138 consecutive subjects, including 68 patients with myocarditis and another 70 as the control group, matched for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors. P-values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results Compared to the control group, zonulin and presepsin were significantly higher in the patient group with myocarditis (p < 0.001, for all). Zonulin levels were positively correlated with presepsin, peak CK-MB, and peak troponin levels (r = 0.461, p < 0.001; r = 0.744, p < 0.001; r = 0.627, p < 0.001; respectively). In regression analysis, presepsin and zonulin were determined as independent predictors for myocarditis (OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.003, p = 0.025; OR 12.331, 95% CI 4.261-35.689; p < 0.001; respectively). The predictive value of acute myocarditis of presepsin and zonulin in ROC curve analysis was statistically significant (p < 0.001, for both). Conclusion This study showed that zonulin and presepsin could be biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis of myocarditis, and they can also be therapeutic targets by shedding light on the developmental mechanism of myocarditis.

Dentin permeability after pretreatment with titanium tetrafluoride and self-etching or universal adhesive systems

Aim: To evaluate dentin permeability after pretreatment with 2.5% aqueous solution of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), followed by a self-etching universal adhesive system. Methods: Forty dentin discs (1.5 mm thick) were randomly divided into groups according to the application or non-application of a pretreatment, and the type of adhesive system to be tested (two-step self-etching/ Clearfil SE Bond/ Kuraray Medical, or universal adhesive system/ Single Bond Universal/ 3M ESPE). Both sides of the discs were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer. The first hydraulic conductivity measurement (L1) was performed in a permeability machine, under 5 PSI pressure. The samples were sanded again to form a standardized smear layer. The teeth designated for pre-treatment with TiF4 received the TiF4 solutions applied actively for 60 seconds, and the adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, a new hydraulic conductivity measurement (L2) was performed for the purpose of calculating the hydraulic conductance at a later time, considering the water viscosity and the thickness of the specimen. The percentage (L) of dentin permeability after application of the adhesive system was obtained (L (%) = [(L1-L2) x100] / L1). The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was applied. Results: There was no difference between the two adhesive systems, or between the groups with or without pretreatment, as regards dentin permeability (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment with 2.5% TiF4 did not influence dentin permeability, irrespective of the adhesive system used

Tritium permeation resistance of Al-Al₂O₃ coatings prepared by thermal spraying / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To make the preparation method for coatings more convenient in the field where the requirements for tritium permeation resistance are not high, this paper proposes a method for preparing Al-Al₂O₃ tritium permeation barriers by thermal spraying technology and conducts a performance analysis. <b>Methods</b> The tritium permeation resistance and adhesion of Al-Al₂O₃ coatings prepared by thermal spraying were verified by experiments. <b>Results</b> The tritium permeability was reduced by one order of magnitude after a 0.2-mm Al-Al₂O₃ coating was sprayed on the stainless steel surface, and the tritium permeation resistance had no significant improvement with the increase in coating thickness; the adhesion of the coating was determined in the range of 5-10 N by scratch tests. <b>Conclusion</b> In this paper, a simple preparation method for tritium permeation barrier is proposed, and the tritium permeation resistance performance of Al-Al₂O₃ coatings prepared by thermal spraying technology is determined, which provides a reference for the selection of tritium permeation barrier in the field of tritium-containing solid waste storage.

Protective effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle on radiation-induced liver injury / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) on radiation-induced liver injury and liver cell line injury in mouse models. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group, model group and MSC-EV treatment group (treatment group), with 9 mice in each group. AML12 cells were randomly divided into the control group, irradiation group and MSC-EV intervention group (intervention group). Animal and cell models with radiation-induced injury were established by one-time 15 Gy and 6 Gy X-ray irradiation, respectively. At 48 h after irradiation, liver tissues and serum samples of mice were collected and prepared for subsequent experiments. At 15 h post-irradiation, cell experiment was carried out. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues and cells were measured. The relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Liver tissues were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to calculate liver pathological injury score. The apoptosis of liver tissues and cells was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and propidiumiodide (PI) staining, respectively. The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) proteins were detected by Western blot. The production level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydroethidine (DHE) staining. The fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was determined. Results Compared with the blank group, serum levels of AST and ALT were up-regulated, and the relative expression levels of IL-1β, TGF-β and CXCL10 mRNA in the mouse liver tissues were up-regulated, and MDA content was increased, liver injury score was elevated, cell apoptosis rate was increased, intracellular ROS level was elevated, and the relative expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins in the mouse liver tissues were down-regulated in the model group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, serum levels of AST and ALT were decreased, and the relative expression levels of IL-1β, TGF-β and CXCL10 mRNA in the liver tissues of mice were down-regulated, MDA content was declined, liver injury score was declined, cell apoptosis rate was decreased, intracellular ROS level was decreased, and the relative expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins in the liver tissues of mice were up-regulated in the treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, cell apoptosis rate was increased, intracellular ROS level was elevated, the fluorescence intensity of mPTP was weakened, the relative expression levels of IL-1β, TGF-β and IL-6 mRNA were up-regulated, MDA content was increased, and the relative expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins were down-regulated in the irradiation group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the irradiation group, cell apoptosis rate was declined, intracellular ROS level was decreased, the fluorescence intensity of mPTP was strengthened, the relative expression levels of IL-1β, TGF-β and IL-6 mRNA were down-regulated, MDA content was decreased and the relative expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins were up-regulated in the intervention group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions MSC-EV may effectively alleviate radiation-induced liver injury by reducing ferroptosis of liver cells, enhancing antioxidant level and decreasing the production of lipid peroxide, thereby effectively alleviating radiation-induced liver injury.

Preliminary study on HUVEC permeability changes in FNAIT induced by CD36 antibody / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the pathogenesis of fetal edema caused by CD36 antibody in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), and to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. 【Methods】 The established CD36 monoclonal antibody was incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the concentrations of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the supernatant of cell culture were detected by ELISA. The permeability of endothelial cells were investigated by detecting the fluorescence intensity of FITC-albumin by incubating cytokine-rich cell supernatant with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). 【Results】 Flow cytometry showed that CD36 monoclonal antibody could bind to human monocytes. Compared with isotype IgG control, increased cytokine TNF-α (pg/mL) (407.73±20.40 vs 29.38 ±4.72, P<0.05) and IL-1β (pg/mL) (247.14±83.59 vs 53.68±26.96, P<0.05) were detected in the supernatant of cell culture after incubation of CD36 monoclonal antibody with human PBMC. Detection of fluorescence intensity of FITC-albumin in transwell cultured HUVEC showed that cytokine-rich cell supernatant derived from CD36 monoclonal antibody incubated with human PBMC can increase the permeability of endothelial cells significantly (CD36 antibody vs isotype IgG, MFI value: 492±16 vs 320±11, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The effect of CD36 monoclonal antibody on PBMC can increase HUVEC permeability, which may be one of the pathogenesis of fetal edema with FNAIT.

Exploring the ability of TAT, a cell-penetrating peptide, to deliver proteins in a non-fused form / 药学学报

Accumulating evidence has shown that the cell-penetrating peptide TAT can be applied to deliver different types of drug molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and small molecule drugs. Usually TAT delivers cargoes on the basis of their covalent bonds or non-covalent interactions. However, there are few reports on the delivery of proteins by TAT in a non-covalent manner, and no quantitative comparisons have been made on the protein delivery ability of TAT in fusion and non-fusion manners. In order to explore the ability of TAT to deliver proteins in non-fusion manner, here we used fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to investigate the ability of TAT to deliver enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into non-small cell lung cancer cells A549 in a non-fusion manner. It was found that TAT could deliver EGFP into A549 cells, and its delivery ability was positively correlated with its concentration. In addition, the fusion protein TAT-EGFP was overexpressed and purified, and its permeability across cell membrane was also investigated. In this paper, based on quantitative comparison, we found that the delivery of EGFP by TAT in fusion manner is significantly efficient than that of TAT in non-fusion manner. This is the report that TAT can deliver EGFP in a non-fusion manner. Although its delivery efficiency remains to be improved as compared with the fusion manner, the non-fusion manner has shown incomparable advantages in ease of operation, suggesting that it is also a candidate for delivery strategy in the future.

Effects of heat stress on intestinal tract and cognitive function / 环境与职业医学

Heat stress refers to a series of stress reactions such as heat balance disturbance and physiological dysfunction when the body is exposed to the thermal environment for a long time. Studies have found that heat stress can damage intestinal morphology, such as length of intestinal villi, number of goblet cells, and depth of the crypt, affecting the digestion and absorption functions. It also can increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier by damaging the tight junction of the intestinal epithelium, which in turn allows endotoxin and bacteria to enter the blood circulation from the intestinal cavity to cause a systemic inflammatory response. At the same time, heat stress can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, increase pathogenic bacteria, and change downstream metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In addition, heat stress can inhibit the occurrence of hippocampal neurons and reduce the number of neurons; decrease the density of synapses; damage important organelles of neurons; induce inflammation of the central nervous system, and then lead to cognitive dysfunction. The brain-gut axis is a two-way signal axis between the intestine and the brain. Intestinal microorganisms and the intestinal barrier can participate in central nervous system regulation, and the brain can change the intestinal homeostatic function and affect the quality of the intestinal barrier through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). The interaction plays an essential role in the body's homeostasis. Therefore, this article reviewed current understandings on the impacts of heat stress on the gut and cognitive function, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent research.

Intervention Mechanism of Huangqintang on Intestinal Inflammation and Proliferation in Colitis-associated Colon Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of Huangqintang on mouse models of colitis-associated colon cancer （CAC） and explore the mechanism of Huangqintang in regulating immune function and inflammatory response， inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation， and delaying or inhibiting CAC formation in CAC. MethodC57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， mesalazine group， and high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups according to body weight， with 12 mice in each group. Except for the normal group， the rest of the mice were given two intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg·kg-1 azomethane （AOM） and allowed to drink 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） freely for seven days and water normally for two weeks. Then， two cycles of ''DSS-drinking water'' were repeated. During the administration of DSS， mice in the normal group and model group were given gavage in equal doses of pure water. Mice in the mesalazine group were given 150 mg·kg-1·d-1 mesalamine suspension for gavage， and mice in the high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups were given 18 and 9 g·kg-1·d-1 Huangqintang for gavage， respectively. Each group was given one dose daily until the end of three cycles. After the intervention， the body weight， colon length， and number of colon tumors in each group were measured， and disease activity index （DAI） scores were performed. The serum contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and gastrointestinal tumor marker carbohydrate antigen-199 （CA199） were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The colonic lesions were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of proliferative cell-associated antigen （Ki67） was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of T lymphocyte subsets （CD3+， CD4+， CD8+， and CD49b+） in mouse plasma was detected by flow cytometry. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-D （FITC-D） content in mouse serum was detected by fluorescent labeling method. The Western blot method was used to detect the expression of Cyclin D1， cyclin-dependent kinase 2 （CDK2）， cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4）， and tightly junction-related Occludin and Claudin-1. ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight of mice in the model group decreased. DAI score increased significantly， and the colon became shorter. Pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β increased， and IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The inflammatory factor IL-4 （P<0.05） and IL-10 were significantly reduced， and the tumor marker CA199 was significantly increased （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that colon lesions， intestinal mucosal epithelial defects with a large number of inflammatory infiltrates， serious crypt structure damage， and glandular arrangement disorder were observed in the model group. Ki67 positive granules were expressed in large areas of colonic tissue. The serum CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of mice in the model group decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and CD8+ increased significantly （P<0.05）. The plasma content of FITC-D in the model group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the expression of Cyclin D1， CDK2， and CDK4 proteins in colon tissue was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 was significantly decreased. Compared with the model group， the body weight of mice in the mesalazine group and the high- and low-dose Huangqintang groups increased. DAI score decreased， and the colon became longer. IL-6， TNF-α， and IL-1β expression decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but there was no significant change in IL-4 and IL-10. The content of CA199 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and the colomatoid lesions and inflammatory infiltrates were reduced in the mesalazine group and the Huangqintang group. The crypt structure damage was lighter， and the positive expression of Ki67 was reduced. CD4+， CD4+/CD8+， and CD49b+ increased， and the difference was not statistically significant. FITC-D content decreased （P<0.05）. The expression of Cyclin D1， CDK2， and CDK4 decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and Claudin-1 and Occludin protein expression increased in the high-dose Huangqintang group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuangqintang has a certain delay and inhibitory effect on AOM/DSS-induced inflammatory cancer transformation， and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating immune function and inflammatory response， inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory factors， repairing damaged intestinal barriers， inhibiting abnormal proliferation of colon cells， and intervening in the formation and development of CAC colon tumors.

Progress in research on hydrogel and medium permeability / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#As a new research field,gel has been paid more attention and widely used for studies on tissue engineering,drug delivery and biosensor. Hydrogel is the carrier of cells,while the cell survival and death are keys to the construction of tissues and organs. However,the cell viability and biological behavior are limited by the exchange of hydrogel and nutrients in medium. This review summarizes the types of hydrogel,exchange mode of hydrogel and nutrients in medium and the relevant influencing factors,which will provide a reference for the development and research of tissue bioengineering.

Bactericidal permeability increasing protein-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- associated vasculitis complicated with bronchiectasis: a case report and literature review / 中华肾脏病杂志

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a group of systemic small vasculitis characterized by the detection of ANCA in serum. Bactericidal permeability enhancing protein (BPI) is one of the target antigens of ANCA. BPI-ANCA-associated vasculitis is not common clinically, and the combination of bronchiectasis is not accidental. The paper reported a case of BPI-ANCA-associated vasculitis with renal damage combined with bronchiectasis. We reviewed relevant literature to explore the characteristics of BPI-ANCA-associated vasculitis and the correlation between bronchiectasis and ANCA-associated vasculitis, so as to improve the clinician's understanding on this disease.

Correlations between transepidermal water loss rates and stratum corneum hydration levels in healthy children / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To determine whether the transepidermal water loss rate (TEWL) is correlated with the stratum corneum (SC) hydration level.Methods:Healthy children aged ≤ 17 years were enrolled from Medical Center for Public Health of Puning, 2 kindergartens and 2 primary schools, from October 2021 to June 2022. TEWL and SC hydration levels were measured on the left forearm and right anterior shank using a device for measuring skin physiological funcitons. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between TEWL and SC hydration levels in children of different ages and genders.Results:A total of 1 396 healthy children were enrolled, aged from 1 month to 17 years. Among them, 783 were male children and 613 were female children. In children aged 1 to < 12 months, no correlation was observed between TEWL and SC hydration levels on the forearms of male children, while TEWL was positively correlated with SC hydration levels on the anterior shanks of male children, as well as on the forearm and anterior shanks of female children ( r = 0.283, 0.404, 0.420, respectively, all P < 0.05) . In children aged 1 to 2 years, positive correlations were observed between the above two indicators on the anterior shanks of male children and forearms of female children ( r = 0.370, 0.419, respectively, both P < 0.01) , while there were no correlations between the two indicators on the anterior shanks of female children or forearms of male children. Positive correlations were observed between TEWL and SC hydration levels on both the forearms and anterior shanks of female children and the forearms of male children aged 3 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years ( r values ranging from 0.172 to 0.293, all P < 0.05) , but not on the anterior shanks of male children aged from 6 to 11 years. The group aged 12 to 17 years exhibited significantly positive correlations between TEWL and SC hydration levels on both the anterior shanks and forearms of male and female children ( r values ranging from 0.269 to 0.485, all P < 0.001) . Conclusion:SC hydration levels are positively correlated with TEWL on the anterior shanks and forearms of healthy children, and the degree of correlation tends to increase with age.

Experimental study on the value of enhanced MRI in evaluating the permeability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of enhanced MRI in evaluating the tissue permeability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) animal model.Methods:The experimental animals were 27 female C57BL/6 mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups with 9 mice in each group by random number method. Murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Panc02) and embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) were implanted subcutaneously at the ratio of 2∶1 and 1∶1 to establish PDAC models with different tissue permeability, which were low fibroblast group and high fibroblast group, respectively, and simple Panc02 implantation model was control group. The positive expression rate of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the positive expression rate of fibroblast activating protein (FAP), the coverage rate of collagen fibers, number of blood vessels and the long/short diameter of tissue vessels were quantitatively evaluated by tissue staining, and the tissue permeation efficiency was quantified by the average optical density (AOD) of tissue sections stained by Evans blue (EB). Enhanced MRI was performed on mice, and the enhancement degree and the enhancement rate of 20 min were obtained. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the overall differences of tumor histological indexes and MRI enhancement parameters in each group, and the correlation between the indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was conducted with 20 min enhancement rate as dependent variable, while α-SMA positive expression rate, collagen fiber coverage rate and vascular long/short diameter as independent variables.Results:There were significant differences in AOD value, α-SMA positive expression rate, FAP positive expression rate, collagen fiber coverage rate, vascular long/short diameter, 20 min enhancement degree and 20 min enhancement rate among the three groups ( P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in the number of blood vessels ( P=0.650). The AOD value was negatively correlated with the positive expression rate of α-SMA, the coverage rate of collagen fibers and the long/short diameter of blood vessels in PDAC model, respectively ( r=-0.888, P=0.001; r=-0.813, P=0.008; r=-0.915, P<0.001). The 20 min enhancement degree was positively correlated with AOD value ( r=0.954, P<0.001). The positive expression rate of α-SMA, collagen fiber coverage and vascular long/short diameter were negatively correlated with 20 min enhancement rate ( r=-0.901, P<0.001; r=-0.837, P=0.005; r=-0.880, P=0.002). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the positive expression rate of α-SMA was an important influencing factor for the 20 min enhancement rate (R 2=0.813, P=0.001). Conclusions:The increase of fibroblast implantation ratio significantly decreased the permeation efficiency of tumor tissue. The positive expression rate of α-SMA, the coverage rate of collagen fibers and the long/short diameter of blood vessels were negatively correlated with the permeation efficiency of tumor tissue. The 20 min enhancement degree was positively correlated with tissue permeation efficiency.

Predictive value of thrombus enhancement and thrombus permeability in cardioembolic stroke with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion based on CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of thrombus enhancement (TE) and thrombus permeability in cardioembolic thrombus with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion based on CT.Methods:The clinical and image data of 93 patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University within 12 hours after onset from January 2020 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the TOAST criteria, the patients were divided into the cardioembolism (CE) group (43 cases) and the large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) group (50 cases). All patients received noncontrast CT and CT angiography, and then thrombus permeability [thrombus attenuation increase (TAI), void fraction (ε)] and TE were assessed. Independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used in univariable analysis between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent influencing factors for cardioembolic stroke and establish a logistic model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive value of TAI, ε, TE and the logistic model in cardioembolic thrombus with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results:There were statistically significant differences in sex, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, baseline National Institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), TAI, ε and TE between the CE group and the LAA group ( P<0.05). Binary logistics regression analysis showed that TAI (OR=1.300, 95%CI 1.147-1.473, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=0.116, 95%CI 0.025-0.535, P=0.006) and baseline NIHSS (OR=1.165, 95%CI 1.040-1.304, P=0.008) were independent influencing factors for cardioembolic thrombus. The ROC curve indicated that the logistic model predicted cardioembolic thrombus with the highest AUC of 0.907 (95%CI 0.848-0.966). TE predicted cardioembolic thrombus with the highest sensitivity of 90.7%. Conclusion:TE and thrombus permeability have application value for predicting cardioembolic thrombus with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion based on CT.